Computer Animation

Computer Animation

1. Definition of computer animation

Computer animation is the process used to menghasilkangambar animation using computer graphics. More general term computer generated imagery encompasses both static scenes and dynamic images, while computer animation only refers to moving images.

2. Computer animation created

Since the New York Institute of Technology begin plans to create computer-animated feature film (1970), the first wave of commercial computer graphic studios began to appear. Film Visionary George Lucas hired Catmul of nyit in 1978 to open Lucas Film Computer Development Division. At the time of Lucas Film was researching on how the application of digital technology to feature films, the studio - other studios began creating a flying logo and broadcast graphics for several companies such as the National Football League, and television programs such as NBC and ABC.

3. How the computer animation

Computer animation is essentially a digital successor to the stop motion technique used in traditional animation with 3D models and frame-by-frame animation of 2D illustrations. Computer generated animation is more restrained than the physical process is based, such as building miniaturesuntuk effects shots or hiring extras for crowd scenes, and because it allows the creation of images that are not feasible using other technologies. It can also allow a single graphic artist to produce such content without the use of actors, expensive set pieces, or props.

3D animation requires a process that is relatively simple compared with 2D animation because all processes can be directly done on one computer. 3D animation process is divided into four stages, namely:

· Modeling: Making objects - objects that are needed in the animation. This object could be shaped like a primitive object balls, cubes, etc.

· Animating: Animator specify / create a keyframe on the object to be moved. After the keyframe is created, the computer will calculate and make their own inbetween automatically.

· Texturing: This process determines the characteristics of an object material in terms of texture. The texture can then be used to write a variety of colors pattern, a smoothness of an object in more detail.

· Rendering: Process the end of the whole process of making computer animated. In rendering, all entered data will be translated into the form of output.

To produce an image movement, the image is displayed on a computer screen and replaced with a new image that is parallel to the previous image quickly. Technique or way of working is similar to moving images produced in TV and movies.

4. The basic concept of the creation of computer animation

As the name implies, this animation as a whole performed a computer. Through camera movement, the whole object can be shown in three dimensions; so many who call this animation as an animated three-dimensional (3D animation), Early development of real 3D animation has been started since 1964, when Ivan Sutherland of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a program called Sketchpad were able to draw a straight line rays on cathoda ray tube (CRT). The result is a simple and primitive object; a cube with stripes, geometric drawing group that is very simple but open man's view of how computer graphics can be used.

5. Type and type of computer animation

Computer animation can be divided into two types, namely:

· 2D Animation

· 3D Animation

1. 2D Animation:

Figure created and edited using 2D bitmap or using 2D vector, this technique include computer version of tweening (inbetween movement which serves as smoothing a motion), morphing, onion skinning (multiple layer with the image position so that the illusion of continuous motion can be captured in) , and rotoscope terinterolasi.

2D Animation can be classified based on the techniques / ways of making (Pangestu 16), namely:

a. Frame Animation: Animation relied on each frame of motion changes.

b. Vector Animation: Animation is the graphic or image used is a vector graphics (computer-generated image) .One producer vector animations is Macromedia Flash and now been taken over by Adobe into Adobe Flash CS3.

c. Animation Blend (computational animation): This animation does not display the images on the frames in moving images, but uses a mathematical calculation.

d. Morphing Animation: The animation movement arising from a change or transition from one form to another. Each transition menampilakan a sequence of frames, thus the results obtained are smooth movement.

e. Fantasy Character Animation: This technique is capable of displaying objects prominently character animation character specializes in the formation and movement models both humans and animals.

According to Frank Thomas Ollie Johnston:

1. Cel (clear, frosted, paper)

2. Cutout (toplit)

3. Sillhouette / silhouette

4. Pastel

5. Sand (sand)

6. Clay (clay)

7. Wet paint (paint)

8. Pinsreen (using nails as media in 3D but the impression can be 2D).

2. 3D Animation

Figure created in a computer using a polygon. In order to allow it to move meshes given digital frame. This process is called rigging. Various other techniques can be applied, such as mathematical functions (gravity), simulated fur or hair, effects such as fire or water, and so on. Example: Shrek and The Wild.

The following are the types of animation by Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston:

a. Puppet (stop motion using puppets)

b. Any object that has a mass

c. Pixilation (stop-motion using a human)

d. Clay motion

6. Examples of the use of computer animation

7. field that uses computer animation


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